Poverty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Poverty is general scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the lack of means necessary to meet basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter.
Of more importance is the modernization of agriculture, such as fertilizers, to provide enough yield to feed the population. Strategies of increasing income to make basic needs more affordable typically include welfare, economic freedoms and providing financial services. According to the World Bank, between 1. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society.
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It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one. First introduced in 1. The World Bank defined the new international poverty line as $1.
US prices). It depends not only on income but also on access to services. In his article published in Australian Policy Online, Robert Tanton notes that, . It was $6. 2. 7. 0 a week, which was the disposable income required to support the basic needs of a family of two adults and two dependent children at the time.
This poverty line has been updated regularly by the Melbourne Institute according to increases in average incomes; for a single employed person it was $3. March 2. 00. 9. This was revised in 1. U. S. In 2. 00. 5, after extensive studies of cost of living across the world, The World Bank raised the measure for global poverty line to reflect the observed higher cost of living. Each nation has its own threshold for absolute poverty line; in the United States, for example, the absolute poverty line was US$1. US$2. 2,0. 00 per year for a family of four). Some scholars argue that the World Bank method sets the bar too high, others argue it is low.
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Still others suggest that poverty line misleads as it measures everyone below the poverty line the same, when in reality someone living on $1. In other words, the depth and intensity of poverty varies across the world and in any regional populations, and $1. The proportion of the developing world's population living in extreme economic poverty fell from 2. As a result, poverty rates also increased although in subsequent years as per capita incomes recovered the poverty rate dropped from 3.
Sub- Saharan Africa has recently seen a decline, partly related to the AIDS epidemic. Graph shows the years 1. The world's population increased over the next 2. In 2. 00. 5, about 4.
Additionally, they note that the poverty reduction is not uniform across the world; economically prospering countries such as China, India and Brazil have made more progress in absolute poverty reduction than countries in other regions of the world. Life expectancy has greatly increased in the developing world since World War II and is starting to close the gap to the developed world. Similar trends can be observed for literacy, access to clean water and electricity and basic consumer items. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of the population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. There are several other different income inequality metrics, for example, the Gini coefficient or the Theil Index.
Relative poverty is the . For practical purposes, the problem of poverty in the industrialized nations today is a problem of relative poverty (page 9). Galbraith argued that . The definition varies from place to place and time to time. In America as our standard of living rises, so does our idea of what is substandard. Those labeled as poor in 1. Whelan of the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) in Ireland explained that .
The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is based on . Poverty in this sense may be understood as a condition in which a person or community is lacking in the basic needs for a minimum standard of well- being and life, particularly as a result of a persistent lack of income.
The increase in poverty runs parallel sides with unemployment, hunger, and higher crime rate. Analysis of social aspects of poverty links conditions of scarcity to aspects of the distribution of resources and power in a society and recognizes that poverty may be a function of the diminished . The social aspects of poverty may include lack of access to information, education, health care, or political power.